LONDON, UK, March 8, 2005
(ENS): Zimbabwe's ruling ZANU PF government this month
admitted that it faces serious food shortages ahead of the traditional
May harvest, confounding President Robert Mugabe's frequent boasts
of an expected bumper harvest.
A statement carried in the state controlled "Herald"
newspaper said that about 1.5 million people would need emergency
supplies of maize corn, the staple diet, in the western and eastern
provinces of Matabeleland and Manicaland.
But the main famine and weather-monitoring organization in southern
Africa said the situation was many times worse than indicated by
the government mouthpiece. The Johannesburg-based Famine Early Warning
System Network, FEWSNET, said 4.8 million Zimbabweans, nearly half
the current population, urgently require food aid or they could
starve.
FEWSNET confirmed that the situation was particularly serious in
rural areas of the drier provinces of Matabeleland, Masvingo and
Manicaland and also in some parts of the lower Zambezi Valley. But
the food situation is also deteriorating in towns, where inflation
of 400 percent is causing food prices to skyrocket against falling
real incomes, FEWSNET said.
For almost two years, the government has claimed Zimbabwe had sufficient
homegrown maize to feed its 11.5 million people.
Last year, Mugabe told British television, "We are not hungry.
Why foist this food on us? We don't want to be choked. We have enough."
His statement caused fear among donors that millions would possibly
go hungry.
Mugabe's hard line information minister Jonathan Moyo, sacked last
month, used the state controlled press to say the country would
produce about 2.4 million metric tons of maize this summer season,
more than the country's normal 1.8 million ton requirement. The
harvest will, in fact, be less than 850,000 tons, according to independent
estimates.
Bulawayo City Council reported in the minutes of its last meeting
that at least 10 people, most of them children under five, were
known to have died recently of starvation. Mayor Japhet Ndabeni-Ncube
said many more would perish in the coming months from illnesses
induced by lack of food.
Archbishop Pius Ncube, the outspoken Roman Catholic prelate of
Bulawayo, accused Mugabe of withholding food for electoral purposes,
distributing it only in areas where people could be bribed to vote
for the ruling ZANU PF party. "They want to control the food
and politicize it," he said. "They'd rather kill people
for the sake of power."
Many other critics of the troubled southern African nation say
Zimbabwe's food security has been heavily compromised by politics
and propaganda.
On the one hand, Mugabe cannot accept food aid from the same western
governments he accuses of trying to "recolonize" his country.
On the other, ZANU PF must show the world that its often violent
seizure of about 4,000 white owned farms has, far from leading to
food shortages, led to a food surplus.
Nevertheless, in January, maize meal again disappeared from supermarket
shelves in towns across the country. The much promised food surplus
had come to nothing and disgruntled shoppers were forced to buy
imported rice or flour at prices they could barely afford. Thousands
of once productive fields throughout the country have turned brown
and are overgrown with weeds.
Paul Themba Nyathi, spokesman for the main opposition party, the
Movement for Democratic Change, said, "The government is already
using food as an election weapon. It is telling communities, 'If
you vote against the government, if you vote for the opposition,
you won't get food.’"
The shortage prompted the government to blame millers, accusing
them of stockpiling maize in an effort to force a price increase.
Zimbabwe's independent press took up the issue for the first time
in January. The weekly "Zimbabwe Independent" pointed
out that the South African Grain Information Service, Sagis, published
weekly statistics on grain and wheat exports to the region. Zimbabwe
was the biggest recipient of both maize and wheat, some of it imported
from as far away as Argentina.
Commercial Farmers' Union economist Kuda Ndoro said that food imports
to Zimbabwe continue unabated.
"If you go to the government Grain Marketing Board depot in
Harare, you'll see queues of trucks from Zambia and South Africa,"
Ndoro said. "They're all loaded with maize and wheat."
Since Zimbabwe's farm invasions began in February 2000, the country
has lost its status as the region's breadbasket. From a net exporter
of food, it now imports to feed its increasingly impoverished millions.
Meanwhile tobacco, the commodity that once drove the country's
economy, has slumped to a meager output of about 60 million kilograms,
down from more than 230 million five years ago.
Once the world's number two producer of high grade Virginia leaf,
Zimbabwe no longer produces a crop of either quality or weight.
ZANU PF's self-styled war veterans have forced some 1,400 large
scale tobacco growers off their farms. Scores of farmers and their
families stood helplessly by while angry mobs destroyed homes and
pillaged equipment.
As many as a million farm workers and their families may have been
made homeless in a process that saw thousands tortured, beaten and
raped while workers' houses were burned to the ground by angry mobs
of ZANU PF supporters.
The result has been predictable, economists say. Tobacco, the engine
that has driven the economy since the 1960s, has failed. Efforts
by the central bank to revive the crop will not succeed, say ex-farmers.
A program ambitiously called "Vision 160" unveiled by
central bank governor Gideon Gono aimed to increase production to
160 million kilograms of the golden leaf. But coal shortages for
curing and fertilizer shortages are likely to lead to an even smaller
crop this year.
"It's more likely to be closer to 40 million kilograms,"
said ex-farmer and member of lobby group Justice for Agriculture
Bruce Gemmill. "There are no proper inputs and the new farmers
lack the capital to borrow enough to grow a sizeable crop."
The demise of Zimbabwe's farming sector has seen white farmers
head for the diaspora.
Deprived of their livelihoods, some have moved into the capital
Harare to start new businesses. Others have been welcomed elsewhere
in Africa. Hundreds of farmers moved to neighboring Zambia, others
to Mozambique, Botswana and Malawi. Others have gone further still
to Nigeria.
Some African leaders have encouraged Zimbabwe's farmers to move,
but, fearful of criticism from Mugabe, have done so discreetly.
In Nigeria, farmers can claim up to 1,000 hectares of fertile land
and borrow over US$1 million at very low rates to get them started
in the continent's most populous nation.
"It's an attractive offer," said Gemmill. "The markets
up there are enormous and the demand for food huge."
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